Install Bash by running the following commands:
root:bash-2.04# ./configure --enable-static-link --prefix=/usr \
> --disable-nls
root:bash-2.04# make
root:bash-2.04# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
root:bash-2.04# cd $LFS/usr/bin
root:bin# mv bash bashbug $LFS/bin
root:bin# cd $LFS/bin
root:bin# ln -s bash sh
Install Binutils by running the following commands:
root:binutils-2.9.5.0.46# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:binutils-2.9.5.0.46# make -e LDFLAGS=-all-static tooldir=/usr
root:binutils-2.9.5.0.46# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr tooldir=$LFS/usr install
Before we can install Bzip2 we need to modify the Makefile file. Open the Makefile file in a text editor and find the lines that start with $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o
Replace those parts with: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o
Now install Bzip2 by running the following commands:
root:bzip2-1.0.0# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:bzip2-1.0.0# make -e PREFIX=$LFS/usr install
root:bzip2-1.0.0# cd $LFS/usr/bin
root:bin# mv bzcat bunzip2 bzip2 bzip2recover $LFS/bin
Install Diffutils by running the following commands:
root:diffutils-2.7# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:diffutils-2.7# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:diffutils-2.7# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
This package is known to cause static link problems on certain platforms. If you're having trouble compiling this package as well, you can download a patch from http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/diffutils-2.7.patch.gz
Install this patch by running the following command:
root:diffutils-2.7# patch -Np1 -i ../diffutils-2.7.patch
Now recompile the package using the same commands as above.
Install Fileutils by running the following commands:
root:fileutils-4.0# ./configure --disable-nls --prefix=/usr
root:fileutils-4.0# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:fileutils-4.0# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
root:fileutils-4.0# cd $LFS/usr/bin
root:bin# mv chgrp chmod chown cp dd df ln $LFS/bin
root:bin# mv ls mkdir mknod mv rm rmdir sync $LFS/bin
In order to compile Glibc-2.1.3 later on you need to have gcc-2.95.2 installed. Although any GCC version above 2.8 would do, 2.95.2 is the highly recommended version to use. egcs-2.91.x is also known to work. If you don't have gcc-2.95.x or egcs-2.91.x you need to install gcc-2.95.2 on your normal sytem before you can compile Glibc later in this chapter.
To find out which compiler version your systems has, run the following command:
root:~# gcc --version
If you normal Linux system does not have gcc-2.95.x or egcs-2.91.x installed you need to install it now. We won't replace the current compiler on your system, but instead we will install gcc in a separate directory (/usr/local/gcc2952). This way no binaries or header files will be replaced.
After you unpacked the gcc-2.95.2 archive don't enter the newly created gcc-2.95.2 directory but stay in the $LFS/usr/src directory. Install GCC by running the following commands:
root:src# mkdir $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build
root:src# cd $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build
root:gcc-build# ../gcc-2.95.2/configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc2952 \
> --with-local-prefix=/usr/local/gcc2952 \
> --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/local/gcc2952/include/g++ \
> --enable-shared --enable-languages=c,c++
root:gcc-build# make bootstrap
root:gcc-build# make install
After you unpacked the gcc-2.95.2 archive don't enter the newly created gcc-2.95.2 directory but stay in the $LFS/usr/src directory. Install GCC by running the following commands:
root:src# mkdir $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build
root:src# cd $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build
root:gcc-build# ../gcc-2.95.2/configure --prefix=/usr \
> --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/g++ \
> --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-nls
root:gcc-build# make -e LDFLAGS=-static bootstrap
root:gcc-build# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr local_prefix=$LFS/usr/local \
> gxx_include_dir=$LFS/usr/include/g++ install
The system needs a few symlinks to ensure every program is able to find the compiler and the pre-processor. Some programs run the cc program, others run the gcc program. Some programs expect the cpp program in /lib and others expect to find it in /usr/bin. Create those symlinks by running:
root:~# cd $LFS/lib
root:lib# ln -s ../usr/lib/gcc-lib/<host>/2.95.2/cpp cpp
root:lib# cd $LFS/usr/lib
root:lib# ln -s gcc-lib/<host>/2.95.2/cpp cpp
root:lib# cd $LFS/usr/bin
root:bin# ln -s gcc cc
Replace <host> with the directory where the gcc-2.95.2 files are installed (which is i686-unknown-linux in my case).
We won't be compiling a new kernel image yet. We'll do that after we have finished the installation of the basic system software in this chapter. But because certain software need the kernel header files, we're going to unpack the kernel archive now and set it up so that we can compile package that need the kernel.
Create the kernel configuration file by running the following command:
root:linux# yes "" | make config
Ignore the warning Broken pipe you might see at the end. Now run the following commands to set up all the dependencies correctly:
root:linux# make dep
Now that that's done, we need to create the $LFS/usr/include/linux and the $LFS/usr/include/asm symlinks. Create them by running the following commands:
root:~# cd $LFS/usr/include
root:include# ln -s ../src/linux/include/linux linux
root:include# ln -s ../src/linux/include/asm asm
An excerpt from the README file that is distributed with the glibc-crypt package:
The add-on is not included in the main distribution of the GNU C library because some governments, most notably those of France, Russia, and the US, have very restrictive rules governing the distribution and use of encryption software. Please read the node "Legal Problems" in the manual for more details.
In particular, the US does not allow export of this software without a licence, including via the Internet. So please do not download it from the main FSF FTP site at ftp.gnu.org if you are outside the US. This software was completely developed outside the US.
"This software" refers to the glibc-crypt package at ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/glibc/. This law only affects people who don't live in the US. It's not prohibited to import DES software, so if you live in the US you can import the file safely from Germany without breaking cryptographic laws. This law is changing lately and I don't know what the status of it is at the moment. Better be safe than sory.
Copy the Glibc-crypt and Glibc-linuxthreads archives into the unpacked glibc directory. Copy the glibc-2.1.3-ctype.patch file to $LFS/usr/src
Unpack the glibc-crypt and glibc-linuxthreads archives there, but don't enter the created directories. Just unpack and leave it with that.
A few default parameters of Glibc need to be changed, such as the directory where the shared libraries are supposed to be installed in and the directory that contains the system configuration files. For this purpose you need to create the $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build directory and in that directory you create a new file configparms containing:
# Begin configparms
slibdir=/lib
sysconfdir=/etc
# End configparms
Change to the $LFS/usr/src/glibc-2.1.3 directory and install Glibc by running the following commands if your system already had a suitable GCC version installed:
root:glibc-2.1.3# patch -p1 < ../glibc-2.1.3-ctype.patch
root:glibc-2.1.3# cd ../glibc-build
root:glibc-build# ../glibc-2.1.3/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-add-ons \
> --with-headers=$LFS/usr/include
root:glibc-build# make
root:glibc-build# make install_root=$LFS install
If you're getting errors related to illegal character 45 in some variable name during the compilation download a patch from http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/glibc-2.1.3.patch.gz
Install this patch by running the following command:
root:glibc-build# patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.1.3.patch
Change to the $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build directory and install Glibc by running the following command if your system did not already have a suitable GCC version installed and you just installed GCC-2.95.2 on your normal Linux system a little while ago:
root:glibc-2.1.3# patch -p1 < ../glibc-2.1.3-ctype.patch
root:glibc-2.1.3# cd ../glibc-build
root:glibc-build# CC=/usr/local/gcc2952/bin/gcc \
> ../glibc-2.1.3/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-add-ons \
> --with-headers=$LFS/usr/include
root:glibc-build# make
root:glibc-build# make install_root=$LFS install
If you're getting errors related to illegal character 45 in some variable name during the compilation download a patch from http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/glibc-2.1.3.patch.gz
Install this patch by running the following command:
root:glibc-build# patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.1.3.patch
If your normal Linux system runs glibc-2.0, you need to copy the NSS library files to the LFS partition. Certain statically linked programs still depend on the NSS library, especially programs that need to lookup usernames,userid's and groupid's. You can check which C library version your normal Linux system uses by running:
root:~# ls /lib/libc*
Your system uses glib-2.0 if there is a file that looks like libc-2.0.7.so
Your system uses glibc-2.1 if there is a file that looks like libc-2.1.3.so
Of course, the micro version number can be different (you could have libc-2.1.2 or libc-2.1.1 for example).
If you have a libc-2.0.x file copy the NSS library files by running:
root:~# cp -av /lib/libnss* $LFS/lib
There are a few distributions that don't have files from which you can see which version of the C Library it is. If that's the case, it will be hard to determine which C library version you exactly have. Try to obtain this information using your distribution's installation tool. It often says which version it has available. If you can't figure out at all which C Library version is used, then copy the NSS files anyway and hope for the best. That's the best advise I can give I'm afraid.
Install Grep by running the following commands:
root:grep-2.4.2# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:grep-2.4.2# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:grep-2.4.2# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
This package is known to cause static linking problems on certain platforms. If you're having trouble compiling this package as well, you can download a patch from http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/grep-2.4.2.patch.gz
Install this patch by running the following command:
root:grep-2.4.2# patch -Np1 -i ../grep-2.4.2.patch
Now recompile the package using the same commands as above.
Install Gzip by running the following commands:
root:gzip-1.2.4a# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:gzip-1.2.4a# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:gzip-1.2.4a# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
root:gzip-1.2.4a# cd $LFS/usr/bin
root:bin# mv gunzip gzip $LFS/bin
This package is known to cause compilation problems on certain platforms. If you're having trouble compiling this package as well, you can download a fixed package from http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/gzip-1.2.4a.patch.gz
Install this patch by running the following command:
root:gzip-1.2.4a# patch -Np1 -i ../gzip-1.2.4a.patch
Now recompile the package using the same commands as above.
Install Make by running the following commands:
root:make-3.79# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:make-3.79# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:make-3.79# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
Install Sed by running the following commands:
root:sed-3.02# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:sed-3.02# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:sed-3.02# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
root:sed-3.02# mv $LFS/usr/bin/sed $LFS/bin
This package is known to cause static linking problems on certain platforms. If you're having trouble compiling this package as well, you can download a patch from http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/sed-3.02.patch.gz
Install this patch by running the following command:
root:sed-3.02# patch -Np1 -i ../sed-3.02.patch
Now recompile the package using the same commands as above.
Install Shellutils by running the following commands:
root:sh-utils-2.0# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:sh-utils-2.0# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:sh-utils-2.0# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
root:sh-utils-2.0# cd $LFS/usr/bin
root:/bin# mv date echo false pwd stty $LFS/bin
root:bin# mv su true uname hostname $LFS/bin
Install Tar by running the following commands:
root:tar-1.13# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:tar-1.13# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:tar-1.13# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
root:tar-1.13# mv $LFS/usr/bin/tar $LFS/bin
Install Textutils by running the following commands:
root:textutils-2.0# ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls
root:textutils-2.0# make -e LDFLAGS=-static
root:textutils-2.0# make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
root:textutils-2.0# mv $LFS/usr/bin/cat $LFS/bin
Create a new file $LFS/etc/passwd containing the following:
root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
Create a new file $LFS/etc/group containing the following:
root::0: