Introduction to Linux PAM
The Linux PAM package contains
Pluggable Authentication Modules used by the local system
administrator to control how application programs authenticate
users.
Note
Development versions of BLFS may not build or run some packages
properly if LFS or dependencies have been updated since the most
recent stable versions of the books.
Package Information
Additional Downloads
Linux PAM Dependencies
Optional
libnsl-2.0.1, libtirpc-1.3.6, rpcsvc-proto-1.4.4, Berkeley
DB (deprecated), libaudit,
libeconf, and Prelude
Note
Shadow-4.16.0 must be reinstalled and reconfigured after
installing and configuring Linux
PAM.
With Linux-PAM-1.4.0 and higher, the pam_cracklib module is not
installed by default. Use libpwquality-1.4.5 to enforce strong
passwords.
Kernel
Configuration
For the PAM module pam_loginuid.so
(referred by the PAM configuration file system-session
if elogind-255.5 is built later) to work, a
kernel configuration parameter need to be set or the module will
just do nothing:
General setup --->
[*] Auditing support [AUDIT]
Installation of Linux PAM
First, prevent the installation of an unneeded systemd file:
sed -e /service_DATA/d \
-i modules/pam_namespace/Makefile.am
The shipped libtool.m4
file has a
configuration inconsistent with LFS /usr
hierarchy. This issue would cause
libpam_misc.so
linked with an rpath
flag which may sometimes cause troubles or even security issues.
Regenerate the building system to fix the inconsistency:
autoreconf -fi
If you downloaded the documentation, unpack the tarball by issuing
the following command.
tar -xf ../Linux-PAM-1.6.1-docs.tar.xz --strip-components=1
Compile and link Linux PAM by
running the following commands:
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sbindir=/usr/sbin \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--enable-securedir=/usr/lib/security \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/Linux-PAM-1.6.1 &&
make
To test the results, a suitable /etc/pam.d/other
configuration file must exist.
Reinstallation or Upgrade of Linux PAM
If you have a system with Linux PAM installed and working, be
careful when modifying the files in /etc/pam.d
, since your system may become
totally unusable. If you want to run the tests, you do not need
to create another /etc/pam.d/other
file. The existing file can be used for the tests.
You should also be aware that make
install overwrites the configuration files in
/etc/security
as well as
/etc/environment
. If you have
modified those files, be sure to back them up.
For a first-time installation, create a configuration file by
issuing the following commands as the root
user:
install -v -m755 -d /etc/pam.d &&
cat > /etc/pam.d/other << "EOF"
auth required pam_deny.so
account required pam_deny.so
password required pam_deny.so
session required pam_deny.so
EOF
Now run the tests by issuing make
check. Be sure the tests produced no errors before
continuing the installation. Note that the tests are very long.
Redirect the output to a log file, so you can inspect it
thoroughly.
For a first-time installation, remove the configuration file
created earlier by issuing the following command as the
root
user:
rm -fv /etc/pam.d/other
Now, as the root
user:
make install &&
chmod -v 4755 /usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd
Command Explanations
--enable-securedir=/usr/lib/security
:
This switch sets the installation location for the PAM modules.
chmod -v 4755
/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd: The setuid bit for the
unix_chkpwd helper
program must be turned on, so that non-root
processes can access the shadow file.
Configuring Linux-PAM
Configuration Files
/etc/security/*
and /etc/pam.d/*
Configuration Information
Configuration information is placed in /etc/pam.d/
. Here is a sample file:
# Begin /etc/pam.d/other
auth required pam_unix.so nullok
account required pam_unix.so
session required pam_unix.so
password required pam_unix.so nullok
# End /etc/pam.d/other
Now create some generic configuration files. As the root
user:
install -vdm755 /etc/pam.d &&
cat > /etc/pam.d/system-account << "EOF" &&
# Begin /etc/pam.d/system-account
account required pam_unix.so
# End /etc/pam.d/system-account
EOF
cat > /etc/pam.d/system-auth << "EOF" &&
# Begin /etc/pam.d/system-auth
auth required pam_unix.so
# End /etc/pam.d/system-auth
EOF
cat > /etc/pam.d/system-session << "EOF" &&
# Begin /etc/pam.d/system-session
session required pam_unix.so
# End /etc/pam.d/system-session
EOF
cat > /etc/pam.d/system-password << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/pam.d/system-password
# use yescrypt hash for encryption, use shadow, and try to use any
# previously defined authentication token (chosen password) set by any
# prior module.
password required pam_unix.so yescrypt shadow try_first_pass
# End /etc/pam.d/system-password
EOF
If you wish to enable strong password support, install libpwquality-1.4.5, and follow the
instructions on that page to configure the pam_pwquality PAM
module with strong password support.
Next, add a restrictive /etc/pam.d/other
configuration file. With this
file, programs that are PAM aware will not run unless a
configuration file specifically for that application exists.
cat > /etc/pam.d/other << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/pam.d/other
auth required pam_warn.so
auth required pam_deny.so
account required pam_warn.so
account required pam_deny.so
password required pam_warn.so
password required pam_deny.so
session required pam_warn.so
session required pam_deny.so
# End /etc/pam.d/other
EOF
The PAM man page (man pam) provides a good
starting point to learn about the several fields, and allowable
entries. The
Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide is recommended for
additional information.